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| Six Steps in Manufacturing a Thick Film Hybrid STEP 1: Schematic & Artwork Similar to that done for PCB’s. The schematic diagram is drawn and then the artwork made up. The artwork is then transferred to a set of screens to enable the printing and firing process sequence to commence. Below is an example of artwork that has been prepared for a new hybrid.
STEP 2: Printing & Firing The printing and firing of the hybrid ceramics is like that done for the pottery business. A print occurs, then firing in an oven, then second print, then firing in the oven, etc. This cycle depends on the complexity of the hybrid circuit. Printing and firing multiple layers consists of conductors, resistors, insulators and surface protection glasses.
STEP 3: Laser Trimming Setting the value and tolerance of resistors in the circuit by cutting a track in the fired resistor ink using a computer controlled laser beam. This can also be used for final circuit calibration and testing. A wide range of resistor values from milliohms to gigaohms along with ratings of up to tens of thousands of volts and fractional ratio tolerances can be achieved.
STEP 4: Surface mounting Screen printing of solder paste, automated pick and place of surface mounted components on to the substrate and reflow soldering of the components.
STEP 5: Pin attach Adding lead frames (pins/legs) and soldering.
STEP 6: Manual Processing Includes soldering of large components, washing, inspection, encapsulation, labelling, testing, burn-in, quality assurance, packing and shipping.
Additional Step in Manufacturing Hybrids using semiconductor processes have the additional steps of semiconductor die attach, wire bonding and semiconductor encapsulation.
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